Clinical Pathology as a Tool to Assess Immunotoxicity

Conference name: 2nd International conference on pathology

Short name: Pathology 2019

Venue: Paris, France | July 5-6,2019

URL: https://bit.ly/2GS09CI

Clinical pathology is a critical part of drug and chemical safety evaluation. The hematology, serum chemistry, and urinalysis evaluations routinely conducted in standard toxicity studies contain numerous parameters which provide information about immune status and function, and additional parameters, such as acute phase proteins, complement, and histamine, may be added to further characterize immune status. This article discusses the various clinical pathology parameters which are useful in identifying effects on the immune system. It also provides guidance for minimizing confounding variables, understanding differences between species, and differentiating stress from direct immunotoxicity. A few examples of clinical pathology findings which suggest immunotoxicity are provided as an aid to data interpretation.

To know more about Pathology and its Applications do attend International Conference on Pathology 2019 http://pathology.alliedacademies.com/

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KRISTIE NOVA
Program Director | PATHOLOGY 2019
Phone: (44) 20 3769 1755
Email: pathology(at)alliedannualsummit(dot)com

Human-Pathogen Coevolution: Helicobacter Pylori

Conference name: 2nd International conference on pathology

Short name: Pathology 2019

Venue : Paris,France | July 5-6,2019

URL: https://bit.ly/2GS09CI

Helicobacter pylori is a widespread bacterium that colonizes the gut mucosa in nearly half the human population, causing gastric inflammation and, in a small percentage of patients, stomach cancer—the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. But the prevalence of H. pylori infections do not correlate with cancer incidence, suggesting other factors are at play. In a study published today (January 13) in PNAS, researchers provide evidence that those other factors include the ancestry of both the host and the pathogen: patients that are infected with H. pylori strains that have a distinct ancestry from their own are more likely to suffer severe disease.

To know more about Pathology and its Applications do attend International Conference on Pathology 2019 http://pathology.alliedacademies.com/

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KRISTIE NOVA
Program Director | PATHOLOGY 2019
Phone: (44) 20 3769 1755
Email: pathology(at)alliedannualsummit(dot)com

Zika virus study reveals possible causes of brain pathology

Conference name: 2nd International conference on pathology

Short name: Pathology 2019

Venue : Paris,France | July 5-6,2019

URL: https://bit.ly/2GS09CI

A few years ago, Zika virus spread across South America, posing a health issue with global impact. A significant number of South American women who came into contact with the virus for the first time at the start of their pregnancy by a mosquito bite subsequently gave birth to children with severe disabilities. The babies suffered from a condition known as microcephaly; they were born with a brain that was too small. This can lead to intellectual disabilities and other serious neurological disorders.

Scientists succeeded in proving that these deformities are caused by Zika virus infections, but so far they have been unable to explain why. Andreas Pichlmair, Chair for Viral Immunopathology at TUM, and his team from the TUM Institute of Virology and MPI-B have examined how Zika virus influences human brain cells. They identified the virus proteins with the potential to affect neuronal development in the developing brain.

To know more about Pathology and its Applications do attend International Conference on Pathology 2019 http://pathology.alliedacademies.com/

Contact
KRISTIE NOVA
Program Director | PATHOLOGY 2019
Phone: (44) 20 3769 1755
Email: pathology(at)alliedannualsummit(dot)com

Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal pathology

Conference name: 2nd International conference on pathology

Short name: Pathology 2019

Venue : Paris,France | July 5-6,2019

URL: https://bit.ly/2GS09CI

The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric carcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. It infects over 50% of the worlds' population, however, only a small subset of infected people experience H. pylori-associated illnesses. Associations with disease-specific factors remain enigmatic years after the genome sequences were deciphered. Infection with strains of Helicobacter pylori that carry the cytotoxin-associated antigen A (cagA) gene is associated with gastric carcinoma. 

Author: Niyaz Ahmed
Recent studies revealed mechanisms through which the cagA protein triggers oncopathogenic activities. Other candidate genes such as some members of the so-called plasticity region cluster are also implicated to be associated with carcinoma of stomach. Study of the evolution of polymorphisms and sequence variation in H. pylori populations on a global basis has provided a window into the history of human population migration and co-evolution of this pathogen with its host. Possible symbiotic relationships were debated since the discovery of this pathogen. 

To know more about Pathology and its Applications do attend International Conference on Pathology 2019 http://pathology.alliedacademies.com/

Contact
KRISTIE NOVA
Program Director | PATHOLOGY 2019
Phone: (44) 20 3769 1755
Email: pathology(at)alliedannualsummit(dot)com

Most widely spread coxsackievirus in Shanghai, China

Conference name: 2nd International conference on pathology

Short name: Pathology 2019

Venue : Paris,France | July 5-6,2019

URL: https://bit.ly/2GS09CI

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a transmissible infectious disease caused by human enteroviruses (EV). Here, we described features of children with severe HFMD caused by coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) in Shanghai, China. CV-A16 accounted 40.76% of admitted HFMD during 2014 to 2016 in Xinhua Hospital. IVIG appeared to be beneficial in shortening the duration of illness episodes of severe HFMD.Severe CV-A16 caused HFMD children admitted to the Xinhua Hospital from January 2014 and December 2016, were recruited retrospectively to the study. Symptoms and findings at the time of hospitalization, laboratory tests, treatments, length of stay and residual findings at discharge were systematically recorded and analyzed.

Author: Qingli Zhang
To know more about Pathology and its Applications do attend International Conference on Pathology 2019 http://pathology.alliedacademies.com/

Contact
KRISTIE NOVA
Program Director | PATHOLOGY 2019
Phone: (44) 20 3769 1755
Email: pathology(at)alliedannualsummit(dot)com

Tumor Budding and Prognosis in Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Conference name: 2nd International conference on pathology

Short name: Pathology 2019

Venue : Paris,France | July 5-6,2019

URL: https://bit.ly/2GS09CI

Tumor budding has been associated with poor prognosis in several cancer types, but its significance in gastric cancer is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of tumor budding in gastric adenocarcinoma, and its main histologic types. Some 583 gastric adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery in Oulu University Hospital during the years 1983-2016 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Tumor budding was counted per 0.785 mm2 fields from the slides originally used for diagnostic purposes. Patients were divided into low-budding (<10 buds) and high-budding (≥10 buds) groups. Tumor budding was analyzed in relation to 5-year survival and overall survival. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for confounders. 

Author: Niko Kemi
Determining tumor budding was difficult in diffuse-type cancer due to the uncohesive growth pattern of these tumors. Patients with high tumor budding had worse 5-year survival compared with patients with low tumor budding. In intestinal-type adenocarcinomas, the high-budding group had significantly poorer 5-year survival compared with the low-budding group . There were no differences in 5-year survival between the budding groups in the diffuse type adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, high tumor budding is an independent prognostic factor in gastric adenocarcinoma, but its value is limited to the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma. In diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma, the assessment of tumor budding is hardly feasible, and it does not have prognostic relevance.

To know more about Pathology and its Applications do attend International Conference on Pathology 2019 http://pathology.alliedacademies.com/

Contact
KRISTIE NOVA
Program Director | PATHOLOGY 2019
Phone: (44) 20 3769 1755
Email: pathology(at)alliedannualsummit(dot)com

Stem Cell Transplants for Blood Cancers

Conference name: 2nd International conference on pathology

Short name: Pathology 2019

Venue : Paris,France | July 5-6,2019

URL: https://bit.ly/2GS09CI

The high-dose chemotherapy or radiation used to kill blood cancer cells also kills healthy bone marrow.  Stem cell transplants help restore the bone marrow’s ability to produce blood cells. In some cases, therapy followed by stem cell replacement cures the cancer.Blood cancer treatment usually starts with chemotherapy, either alone or with other drugs and treatments. Experts often disagree about which treatments to use. Stem cell transplants are expensive, risky, and usually recommended when chemotherapy fails. However, some cancer centers are trying stem cell transplants as a first treatment. 

Stem cells can come from several places. Bone marrow transplants replace diseased marrow with cancer-free marrow. Peripheral stem cell transplants use stem cells collected from the bloodstream. Transplants can involve the patient’s own cells (autologous) or cells from a donor (allogeneic).

Collecting bone marrow requires placing the donor under anesthesia then using a strong needle to draw marrow from the hip bone. This takes 1-2 hours in an operating room.  For several days before donating peripheral blood stem cells, donors take special drug shots to boost stem cell levels in the bloodstream. Then the donor is connected to a machine that filters the stem cells from the donor’s blood and returns the rest.

To know more about Pathology and its Applications do attend International Conference on Pathology 2019 http://pathology.alliedacademies.com/

Contact
KRISTIE NOVA
Program Director | PATHOLOGY 2019
Phone: (44) 20 3769 1755
Email: pathology(at)alliedannualsummit(dot)com

Diarrheal Diseases are the trending infectitious disease Nowadays

Conference name: 2nd International conference on pathology

Short name: Pathology 2019

Venue : Paris,France | July 5-6,2019

URL: https://bit.ly/2GS09CI

Diarrheal diseases were the second leading cause of infectious diseases mortality in 2014, accounting for 7.07% of infectious disease deaths with 2.41  deaths per 100 000 persons. This category included diarrheal diseases from all etiologies. The corridor spanning between Missouri and Maine showed a higher number of counties with mortality rates due to diarrheal diseases in the upper 5% of counties . Furthermore, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and Washington states showed an increased number of counties with similar high diarrheal disease mortality. 

Kalawao and Maui Counties in Hawaii had the lowest mortality rate of 0.47  deaths per 100 000 persons, while Ross County, Ohio, had the highest rate of 6.14  deaths per 100 000 persons. Mortality from diarrheal diseases increased by 483.96%  between 1980  and 2014. Diarrheal diseases were the only cause of infectious diseases mortality to increase from 2000 to 2014. At the county level, diarrheal disease mortality rates increased in nearly all counties , with the largest increases mainly observed in the Northeast, Midwest, Southwest, and Pacific coast.

To know more about Pathology and its Applications do attend International Conference on Pathology 2019 http://pathology.alliedacademies.com/

Contact
KRISTIE NOVA
Program Director | PATHOLOGY 2019
Phone: (44) 20 3769 1755
Email: pathology(at)alliedannualsummit(dot)com

Botulism outbreaks with canned peas

Conference name: 2nd International conference on pathology

Short name: Pathology 2019

Venue : Paris,France | July 5-6,2019

URL: https://bit.ly/2GS09CI

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene was notified of three related women who had arrived at a hospital 4 hours earlier for evaluation for acute nausea, dizziness, blurred vision, slurred speech, ptosis, thick-feeling tongue, and shortness of breath. Two patients developed respiratory failure, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation in the emergency department, and the third patient was intubated at 7 p.m. that evening. The combination of cranial nerve palsies and respiratory failure in multiple patients suggested botulism, a paralytic illness caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), most commonly produced by Clostridium botulinum.

This outbreak illustrates the importance of educating home canners on safe home-canning practices to prevent botulism. Home-canned food, even when made with commercially processed ingredients, can lead to morbidity or mortality if canned incorrectly. Safe home-canning guidelines need to be followed, especially with low acidity foods, and when processing errors occur, foods should be discarded or reprocessed according to recommended guidelines within 24 hours.

To know more about Pathology and its Applications do attend International Conference on Pathology 2019 http://pathology.alliedacademies.com/

Contact
KRISTIE NOVA
Program Director | PATHOLOGY 2019
Phone: (44) 20 3769 1755
Email: pathology(at)alliedannualsummit(dot)com

Methotrexate And The Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Conference name: 2nd International conference on pathology

Short name: Pathology 2019

Venue : Paris,France | July 5-6,2019

URL: https://bit.ly/2GS09CI

Methotrexate is regarded as the gold standard in rheumatology, due to its efficacy and safety profile for a long period of time. From German register analyses it is known that methotrexate not only demonstrates the highest therapy continuity in RA, but that 60% of adults and 46% of all juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients are treated with this drug.

In RA the potential for MTX is far from exhausted, and its key position as the first-line therapeutic agent in the current guidelines are based on its reliable effectiveness in combination therapies and its predominantly manageable side effects. However, a decisive factor for patient compliance is the form of application, where in subcutaneous application of methotrexate, RA patients prefer the Medac autoinjector over the pre-filled syringe.

To know more about Pathology and its Applications do attend International Conference on Pathology 2019 http://pathology.alliedacademies.com/

Contact
KRISTIE NOVA
Program Director | PATHOLOGY 2019
Phone: (44) 20 3769 1755
Email: pathology(at)alliedannualsummit(dot)com

Risankizumab, an IL-23 inhibitor, for ankylosing spondylitis: results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept, dose-finding phase 2 study

Conference name: 2nd International conference on pathology

Short name: Pathology 2019

Venue : Paris,France | July 5-6,2019

URL: https://bit.ly/2GS09CI

 A total of 159 patients with biological-naïve AS, with active disease (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index score of ≥4), were randomised (1:1:1:1) to risankizumab (18 mg single dose, 90 mg or 180 mg at day 1 and weeks 8, 16 and 24) or placebo over a 24-week blinded period. The primary outcome was a 40% improvement in Assessment in Spondylo Arthritis International Society (ASAS40) at week 12. Safety was assessed in patients who received at least one dose of study drug.

Author:Dr.James Cheng

Treatment with risankizumab did not meet the study primary endpoint and showed no evidence of clinically meaningful improvements compared with placebo in patients with active AS, suggesting that IL-23 may not be a relevant driver of disease pathogenesis and symptoms in AS.

To know more about Pathology and its Applications do attend International Conference on Pathology 2019 http://pathology.alliedacademies.com/

Contact
KRISTIE NOVA
Program Director | PATHOLOGY 2019
Phone: (44) 20 3769 1755
Email: pathology(at)alliedannualsummit(dot)com

Conference name: 2nd International conference on pathology

Short name: Pathology 2019

Venue : Paris,France | July 5-6,2019

URL: https://bit.ly/2GS09CI

Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of microcephaly and other congenital abnormalities in the developing fetus and newborn. Zika infection in pregnancy also results in pregnancy complications such as fetal loss, stillbirth, and preterm birth.  Zika virus infection is also a trigger of Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuropathy and myelitis, particularly in adults and older children.

The incubation period (the time from exposure to symptoms) of Zika virus disease is estimated to be 3–14 days. The majority of people infected with Zika virus do not develop symptoms. Symptoms are generally mild including fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise, and headache, and usually last for 2–7 days.

To know more about Pathology and its Applications do attend International Conference on Pathology 2019 http://pathology.alliedacademies.com/

Contact
KRISTIE NOVA
Program Director | PATHOLOGY 2019
Phone: (44) 20 3769 1755
Email: pathology(at)alliedannualsummit(dot)com

Olfactory Pathology in Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases

Conference name: 2nd International conference on pathology

Short name: Pathology 2019

Venue : Paris,France | July 5-6,2019

URL: https://bit.ly/2GS09CI

Olfactory dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Olfactory bulb and tract pathology in MS and other demyelinating diseases remain unexplored. A human autopsy cohort of pathologically confirmed cases encompassing the spectrum of demyelinating disease (MS; n = 17), neuromyelitis optica [(NMO); n = 3] and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [(ADEM); n = 7] was compared to neuroinflammatory [herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE); n = 3], neurodegenerative [Alzheimer's disease (AD); n = 4] and non‐neurologic (n = 8) controls. For each case, olfactory bulbs and/or tracts were stained for myelin, axons and inflammation. Inferior frontal cortex and hippocampus were stained for myelin in a subset of MS and ADEM cases. 

Author: Gabriele C. DeLuca

Olfactory bulb/tract demyelination was frequent in all demyelinating diseases [MS 12/17 (70.6%); ADEM 3/7 (42.9%); NMO 2/3 (66.7%)] but was absent in HSE, AD and non‐neurologic controls. Inflammation was greater in the demyelinating diseases compared to non‐neurologic controls. Olfactory bulb/tract axonal loss was most severe in MS where it correlated significantly with the extent of demyelination (r = 0.610, P = 0.009) and parenchymal inflammation (r = 0.681, P = 0.003). The extent of olfactory bulb/tract demyelination correlated with that found in the adjacent inferior frontal cortex but not hippocampus. We provide unequivocal evidence that olfactory bulb/tract demyelination is frequent, can occur early and is highly inflammatory, and is specific to demyelinating disease.

To know more about Pathology and its Applications do attend International Conference on Pathology 2019 http://pathology.alliedacademies.com/

Contact
KRISTIE NOVA
Program Director | PATHOLOGY 2019
Email: pathology(at)alliedannualsummit(dot)com